How do I choose a lithium-ion battery pack?

When selecting a lithium-ion battery pack, understanding its voltage characteristics is crucial for ensuring optimal performance and longevity. Three key voltage terms define a battery's operation: Nominal Voltage, Charged Voltage, and Cut-Off Voltage.

Do 12V lithium-ion batteries have a voltage difference?

However, many users who rely on 12V lithium-ion batteries often notice discrepancies in voltage readings, especially when the battery doesn’t seem to reach a “full charge.” This can lead to confusion or concerns, mainly because the behavior of lithium-ion batteries differs from traditional battery types like lead-acid.

What is a 12V battery?

The term “12V” refers to the battery’s nominal voltage. Nominal voltage is the average voltage the battery operates at during everyday use. However, the battery’s actual voltage fluctuates depending on its charge (SOC) state. For example, a fully charged 12V lithium-ion battery will have a higher voltage than one partially charged or discharged.

How many volts does a lithium ion battery need?

A lithium-ion battery usually requires 4.2 volts per cell to get full charge. It follows that the battery full charge voltage will be lower than the nominal voltage for both lead-acid and lithium batteries. For further information, you can refer to the difference between lead acid battery vs lithium ion.

What is the relationship between voltage and charge in a lithium-ion battery?

The relationship between voltage and charge is at the heart of lithium-ion battery operation. As the battery discharges, its voltage gradually decreases. This voltage can tell us a lot about the battery’s state of charge (SoC) – how much energy is left in the battery. Here’s a simplified SoC chart for a typical lithium-ion battery:

How many volts is a 12 volt lithium ion battery?

A 12-volt lithium-ion battery that has been completely charged should show between 14.5 and 14.9 volts. The battery is completely charged and has achieved its maximum capacity when the voltage level reaches this level. When full charge, measured without disconnecting the charger, it is generally around 14.5 volts, up to 14.9 volts.